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Ambient occlusion - how use

  Ambient occlusion (AO) is a shading technique that darkens creases, corners, and contact points to add depth and realism; it began appearing in real‑time games around 2007 and today ranges from cheap SSAO to high‑quality ray‑traced AO — you can safely turn it off in many 4K scenarios to reclaim GPU performance with little perceived loss when other lighting tech (like DLSS and GI) is active. Quick guide — key decisions before you toggle AO Performance vs fidelity: Do you need maximum frame rate at native 4K, or the last bit of visual polish? Type of AO: SSAO/HBAO are cheaper; ray‑traced AO is expensive but more accurate. Other tech in use: If you use DLSS or path tracing, AO’s visual contribution may be redundant. Answering those helps decide whether to keep AO on or off. What ambient occlusion is Ambient occlusion simulates how much ambient (indirect) light reaches a surface by darkening areas where geometry blocks light, producing soft, contact shadows that make scenes feel ...
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Understanding USB types

 

Understanding USB Types: Appearance and Bandwidth

The Universal Serial Bus (USB) has become the cornerstone of modern connectivity. With a variety of types available, it’s essential to understand the differences, especially when it comes to their physical design and data transfer capabilities.


USB Type-A

Appearance: The most common USB type, USB Type-A, is recognized by its flat, rectangular shape. It’s the standard connector found on many devices.

Bandwidth:

USB 1.x: Up to 12 Mbit/s

USB 2.0: Up to 480 Mbit/s

USB 3.x: Up to 5 Gbit/s


USB Type-B

Appearance: USB Type-B ports are mostly used on printers and other peripheral devices. They have a square shape with slightly beveled corners on one end.

Bandwidth:

USB 1.x: Up to 12 Mbit/s

USB 2.0: Up to 480 Mbit/s

USB 3.x: Up to 5 Gbit/s


USB Type-C

Appearance: The newest type, USB Type-C, is known for its small, reversible connector. It’s becoming the new standard for modern devices.

Bandwidth:

USB 3.1/3.2: Up to 10 Gbit/s

USB4: Up to 40 Gbit/s


Micro-USB

Appearance: Micro-USB connectors are small and were commonly used in older smartphones and small electronic devices.

Bandwidth:

USB 2.0: Up to 480 Mbit/s


Mini-USB

Appearance: Mini-USB ports are smaller than USB Type-A but larger than Micro-USB. They were used in earlier mobile devices.

Bandwidth:

USB 2.0: Up to 480 Mbit/s


Thunderbolt 3 and 4 (USB-C)

Appearance: These use the USB-C port but offer higher data transfer rates and are often found on high-end laptops and devices.

Bandwidth:

Thunderbolt 3: Up to 40 Gbit/s

Thunderbolt 4: Up to 40 Gbit/s and more features

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