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Ambient occlusion - how use

  Ambient occlusion (AO) is a shading technique that darkens creases, corners, and contact points to add depth and realism; it began appearing in real‑time games around 2007 and today ranges from cheap SSAO to high‑quality ray‑traced AO — you can safely turn it off in many 4K scenarios to reclaim GPU performance with little perceived loss when other lighting tech (like DLSS and GI) is active. Quick guide — key decisions before you toggle AO Performance vs fidelity: Do you need maximum frame rate at native 4K, or the last bit of visual polish? Type of AO: SSAO/HBAO are cheaper; ray‑traced AO is expensive but more accurate. Other tech in use: If you use DLSS or path tracing, AO’s visual contribution may be redundant. Answering those helps decide whether to keep AO on or off. What ambient occlusion is Ambient occlusion simulates how much ambient (indirect) light reaches a surface by darkening areas where geometry blocks light, producing soft, contact shadows that make scenes feel ...
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World of SSD

 


How SSDs Work

SSDs use NAND flash memory to store data. Unlike traditional HDDs with spinning disks, SSDs have no moving parts. This lack of mechanical components results in faster data access times, reduced power consumption, and improved durability.


Types of SSDs

1. SATA SSDs:

Adhere to the SATA III standard, offering a maximum data transfer rate of 6 GB/s.

Outperform HDDs significantly, with read/write speeds up to 550 MB/s1.


2. NVMe SSDs:

Utilize the NVMe (Non-Volatile Memory Express) protocol for even faster performance.

Available in M.2 and U.2 form factors.

Achieve read/write speeds well beyond 1,000 MB/s.


3. M.2 SSDs:

Compact form factor that connects directly to the motherboard.

Supports both SATA and NVMe protocols.

Ideal for laptops and compact desktops.


PCIe Standards

SSDs connect via PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) slots on the motherboard.

PCIe versions include 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0.

Higher PCIe versions offer increased bandwidth, enhancing data transfer rates.


Durability and Data Rewriting

SSDs have limited write endurance due to NAND flash wear.

Modern SSDs use wear-leveling algorithms to distribute write cycles evenly across memory cells.

Typical consumer SSDs can handle hundreds of terabytes written (TBW) before reaching their endurance limits.

For example high end ssd Samsung 990 PRO 1TB SSD offers impressive performance and durability. Here are some key features:

Sequential Read/Write Speeds: Up to 7,450 MB/s read and 6,900 MB/s write.

Endurance (TBW): The 1TB model has an estimated 1380 TBW.

Energy Efficiency: The 990 PRO consumes less power while delivering superior performance per watt compared to the 980 PRO.

Remember though those are producers data cycle data and it can differ alot due to silicon lottery on your ssd.


Speed Comparison: SSD vs. HDD

A typical SATA III SSD achieves read/write speeds around 550 MB/s and 520 MB/s, while an HDD manages only around 125 MB/s.

SSDs excel in random I/O performance, making them ideal for multitasking and boot times.

HDDs are slower but offer higher capacities at a lower cost per gigabyte.

In summary, SSDs provide speed, durability, and efficiency, while HDDs offer greater storage capacity. The choice depends on your specific needs and budget.

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